'Financial system of the United Kingdom in the twentieth century' in L de Rosa (ed), International Banking and Financial Systems, Evolution and Stability

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Authoritative review of UK banking and banking industry in 20th century focusing on their growth, then stability, then crisis; within this a major theme is the 'relative displacement of the joint stock banks, both nationally and internationally, from the dominant position that these institutions attained during the 1920s'. The sections, which follow a chronological sequence, are: 'Dynamic activity of deposit banking - mergers and acquisitions'; 'Politicization of banking activity'; 'The Great Depression'; 'Second World War and after'; '1973-75 Crisis'; 'Internationalization of the Big Four'; 'Debt Crisis' [early 1980s]; 'Some organizational changes'