'Calculating Virtue. Cadbury Brothers and slavery in Portuguese West Africa, 1901-1913' in K Grant, A Civilised Savagery. Britain and the new slaveries in Africa, 1884-1926

Notes:

Deals with a scandal which engulfed Cadburys in the very early 20th century when it was reported in the press that it used cocoa produced by slave labour in plantations at Sao Tome and Principe, Portuguese West Africa. The response of Cadburys including its libel action against the 'Evening Standard', and British public opinion towards it. The volume itself is about British campaigns against the new slaveries of European imperialism in Africa in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It illuminates 'a pivotal period in British anti slavery protest after the legendary age of emancipation, bridging the gap in historical scholarship between the Victorian era of abolition and the rise of labour laws and human rights protest under international governments'. Based on a PhD thesis: 'A Civilised Savagery. British humanitarian politics and European imperialism in Africa, 1884-1926', University of California, 1997 [copy at Bodleian Library]